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Abstract

Truth is a concept that has been interpreted in various ways throughout history, provoke discussions about its objectivity or subjectivity. In classical Greece, Aristotle suggests that truth resides in thought or language, associating it with thought or self-expression, thereby linking it to objective reality. Plato addresses the allegory of the cave, symbolizing the quest for truth beyond distorted perceptions. Luis Villoro views truth as the adequacy of understanding and reality, acknowledging that truth can vary depending on individual experience and perspective, challenging the notion of a unified and objective truth.

Metaphysical realism, combined with truth as adequacy and correspondence, as outlined by Putnam, posits that the world consists of objects independent of the mind. Internal realism is introduced, emphasizing the influence of subjective perceptions on truth perception. The relationship between truth and justification becomes crucial in this context, as writers like Putnam, Habermas, and Olivé have different interpretations.

Karl Popper's perspective adds a critical and falsificationist approach where truth is established by its ability to withstand falsification. Rational acceptability within truth and justification is divided into personal beliefs and demonstrably justified ones. The interpretation of social reality is framed within an ontological concept supported by epistemological methodologies, emphasizing the importance of observations and questioning the concept of "reality."